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7A countable/uncontable nouns
Tip: There are two kinds of noun in English, countable(C) and uncontable(U)
C=things you can count. C nouns can be singular or plural
C=things you can count. C nouns can be singular or plural
- one apple, two apples, three apples
Tip: U=things you can’t count. U nouns can’t be plural
- butter,meat NOT: two butters, three meats
Tip: Some nouns can be C or U but the meaning is different
- an ice cream
- some ice cream
a/an, some/any
| countable | uncontable | |
|---|---|---|
| + we need | an apple | some butter |
| some apples | some milk | |
| - we don’t need | a tomato | any rice |
| any tomatoes | any sugar | |
| ? Do we need | a tomato? | any rice? |
| any tomatoes? | any sugar? |
Tip:
* Use a/an with singular C nouns
* Use some with plural C nouns and U nouns in +
* Use any with plural C nouns and U nouns in - and ?
* Use a/an with singular C nouns
* Use some with plural C nouns and U nouns in +
* Use any with plural C nouns and U nouns in - and ?
Warning: BE CAREFUL: We can also use some in ? to ask for and ofter things
- Can I have some coffee?
- Would you like some biscuits?
7B how much/how many
| Uncontable(singular) | Full answers | Short answers |
|---|---|---|
| How much water | I drink a lot of water | A lot |
| do you drink? | I drink quite a lot of water | Quite a lot |
| I don’t drink much water | Not much | |
| I don’t drink any water | None |
| Contable(plural) | Full answers | Short answers |
|---|---|---|
| How many sweets | I ate a lot of sweets | A lot |
| did you eat? | I ate quite a lot of sweets | Quite a lot |
| I didn’t eat many sweets | Not many | |
| I didn’t eat any sweets | None |
Tip:
* Use How much…?with uncontable(U) nouns and how many…?with plural countable (C) nouns
* Use a lot (of) with C and U nouns for a big quantity
* Use How much…?with uncontable(U) nouns and how many…?with plural countable (C) nouns
* Use a lot (of) with C and U nouns for a big quantity
- quite a lot (of) for quite a big quantity
- not… much with U nouns for a small quantity
- not… many with C plural nouns for a small quantity
- not… any(none in short answers) for zero quantity
7C be going to (plans)
Affirmative
| Full form | Contraction | |
|---|---|---|
| I am | I‘m | |
| You are | You‘re | going to have |
| He/she/it is | He/she/it’s | a holiday |
| we/you/they are | we/you/they‘re | next month |
Negative
| Full form | Contraction | |
|---|---|---|
| I am not | I‘m not | |
| You are not | You aren’t | going to have |
| He/she/it is not | He/she/it isn’t | a holiday |
| we/you/they are not | we/you/they aren’t | next month |
| Question | Affirmative | Negative | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Am I | Yes, | I am | No, | I ‘m not | |
| Are you | going to have | you are | you aren’t | ||
| Is he/she/it | a holiday | he/she/it is | he/she/it isn’t | ||
| Are we/you/they | next month? | we/you/they are | we/you/they aren’t |
Tip:
* Use be going to + verb(infinitive) to talk about future plans
* With the verb go you can say
* Use be going to + verb(infinitive) to talk about future plans
* With the verb go you can say
- I’m going to go OR I’m going to go
Tip: We often use future time expressions with going to
- tomorrow,next week,next year,etc
Warning: BE CAREFUL: next year NOT: the next year
7D be going to (predictions)
Tip: You can also use be going to + verb (infinitive) for predictions
- (I think) they’re going to be very happy
- (I think) It’s going to rain