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9A present perfect: verb be
Affirmative
| full form | contraction | |
|---|---|---|
| I have | I‘ve | been to Rome |
| You have | You‘ve | |
| He/she/it has | He/she/it’s | |
| we/you/they have | we/you/they‘ve |
Negative
| full form | contraction | |
|---|---|---|
| I have not | I haven’t | been to Venice |
| You have not | You haven’t | |
| He/she/it has not | He/she/it hasn’t | |
| we/you/they have not | we/you/they haven’t |
| question | affirmative | negative | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Have I | been to Paris? | Yes, | I have | No, | I haven’t |
| Have you | You have | You haven’t | |||
| Has he/she/it | He/she/it has | He/she/it hasn’t | |||
| Have we/you/they | we/you/they have | we/you/they haven’t |
Tip:
* Use the present perfect for general past experiences
* To make the present perfect use have/has + past participle
* ‘s=has in present perfect (but can also be is or possessive ‘s)
* Use the present perfect for general past experiences
* To make the present perfect use have/has + past participle
* ‘s=has in present perfect (but can also be is or possessive ‘s)
Warning: BE CAREFUL:
Compare the present perfect of be and the present perfect of go
- He’s been to Italy= He visited Italy and come back
- He’s gone to Italy=He’s in Italy now
9B present perfect: regular and irregular verbs
| infinitive | present perfect | |
|---|---|---|
| regular verbs | cry | have cried |
| kiss | have kissed | |
| queque | have quequed | |
| irregular verbs | buy | have bought |
| leave | have left | |
| see | have seen | |
| speak | have spoken |
Tip:
* For regular verbs the past participle in the same as the past simple (+ -ed)
* For irregular verbs the past participle in sometimes the same as the past simple, e.g. buy,bought,bought and sometimes different e.g. see,saw,seen
* For regular verbs the past participle in the same as the past simple (+ -ed)
* For irregular verbs the past participle in sometimes the same as the past simple, e.g. buy,bought,bought and sometimes different e.g. see,saw,seen
Present perfect or past simple
- Have you seen the film? Yes,I have
- When did you see it? I saw it last week
Tip:
* Use the present perfect to talk/ask about a general experience in the past
* Use the past simple to talk/ask about a specific moment in the past
* Use the present perfect to talk/ask about a general experience in the past
* Use the past simple to talk/ask about a specific moment in the past
- I saw the film last week
Tip: Don’t use the present perfect with when and past time expressions e.g. yestersday,last week
- When did you see it? NOT When have you seen it?
- I saw it last week NOT I’ve seen it last week